The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis

GLORYS12 is a global eddy-resolving physical ocean and sea ice reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution covering the 1993-present altimetry period, designed implemented in framework of Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The model component NEMO platform driven surface by atmospheric conditions from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Ocean observations are assimilated means reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter level anomaly, satellite temperature concentration, as well situ salinity vertical profiles jointly assimilated. A 3D-VAR scheme provides an additional correction for slowly-evolving large-scale biases salinity. performance shows clear dependency on time-dependent observation system. general assessment highlights state-of-the-art capacity system to capture main expected climatic interannual variability signals ice, circulation inter-basins exchanges. In terms trends, higher than observed warming trend together with slightly lower mean rise. Comparisons made experiment carried out same without assimilation show benefit data controlling water mass properties cover their low frequency variability. Moreover, represents particularly small-scale dynamics compares independent (non-assimilated) data. twin 1/4° allows characterizing quantifying strengthened contribution onto downscaled dynamics. reliable state climate supports applications such seasonal forecasts. addition, this has strong assets serve regional provide relevant marine biogeochemistry. near future, will be maintained close possible real time could therefore continuous reference past states many operational applications.